[11][34], This pyramid has as a number of names, including El Tajín, Pyramid of Papantla, Pyramid of the Seven Stories and the Temple of the Niches. Niches are also found underneath the stairway along the east face, which indicates that the stairway was a later addition. One is seated on a throne and the other by a pulque vat. Diese war wahrscheinlich zeitweilig Hauptstadt der Tachiwin (aztekisch Totonaken), weist mehrere große, pyramidenförmige Stufentempel auf und wurde vor 800 Jahren aufgegeben. El Tajin was founded following the abandonment of the city of Teotihuacan. 1785 wurde die Stätte von Diego Ruiz wiederentdeckt, nachdem die Spanier wahrscheinlich bereits im 16. However, the one on the northeast side has been completely destroyed due to centuries-old trail that was used when this area was still jungle. Behind the players are two figures, one with a deer head, who are watching from the court walls as well as the death deity again above. It was originally a great urban center that flourished from around 800 to 1150 ce. El Tajin has lots of stories to share, even if most of the site and old city is destroyed. [11] He made a drawing of the pyramid and reported his find to a publication called Gaceta de Mexico. Jh. Der ausgesuchte Baumstamm musste mindestens 25 m hoch und die Seillänge genau abgemessen sein, damit die vier fliegenden Voladores exakt 13 Umkreisungen des Stammes erreichen, welche einen Zeitraum von 52 (4x13) Jahren symbolisieren. El Tajin Ruins are numerous, and while the World Heritage Site is interesting to wander alone, expert guides are available for travelers looking to learn even more about the history, culture and traditions of the Totonac from a resident expert. [19], From 600 to 1200 CE, El Tajín was a prosperous city that eventually controlled much of what is now modern Veracruz state. Sie ist 25 m hoch und 1225 m² groß. [23] The pyramid was further advertised by Italian Pietro Márquez in Europe and by Alexander von Humboldt. Although it was previously believed that the pre-Hispanic town was inhabited in three different phases during 100 BC-1200 AD, recent research suggests that El Tajín was occupied only in one phase during 800-1200 AD. It is located at the northwest corner of the Great Xicalcoluihqui and at the base of Tajin Chico. Diese war wahrscheinlich zeitweilig Hauptstadt der Tachiwin (aztekisch Totonaken), weist mehrere große, pyramidenförmige Stufentempel auf und wurde vor 800 Jahren aufgegeben. Two participants are standing in the center of the court with speech scrolls emerging from their mouths. El Tajin experienced a prosperous period between 600-1200 A.D. at the expense of Teotihuacan and Palenque, until it was abandoned. Home; Meet the Inions; Travel Adventures. It is an immense acropolis composed of numerous palaces and other civil structures. Some argue in favor of the Totonacs and the Xapaneca; however, there is a significant amount of evidence that the area was populated by the Huastec at the time the settlement was founded in the 1st century CE[16][18] Monumental construction started soon after and by 600 CE, El Tajín was a city. [48], Just east of Tajin Chico is an area of valley floor. 1992 wurde El Tajín zum UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe. Surrounding it are tobacco fields, banana plantations, apiaries and vanilla groves. This is the only multistoried palace found outside the Mayan areas. El Tajin also shows influence from Classic era Maya cities. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema El Tajín in höchster Qualität. These columns were thickened over time as it became apparent to have stronger bracing for the weight of the two floors. El Tajin hat den bedeutenste Tempelkomplex. While this kind of cement roof is common in modern times, it was unique in the Mesoamerican world. Auch in anderen präkolumbischen Städten gab es rituelle Ballspielplätze im Bereich der Tempelanlagen, etwa in Tikal (Guatemala). Nach ihr wurde die Tajín-Kultur benannt. Tajín Clásico Seasoning. 1934 gab es erste Ausgrabungen. This building is thought to the last built with niches. The structure originally was covered in stucco which served as the base for paint. Impressions of baskets, tamale wrappers and other items have been found in the dried cement. The third story begins with a wall of niches and no visible stairs. A part of the Classic Veracruz culture, El Tajín flourished from 600 to 1200 C.E. Voladores come from as far as San Luis Potosi and Guatemala. However the city also had communities located on the hills east and west of the main city, with mostly lower-class dwellings. It was prominent in ancient times as well. Archeologists reassembled it at the spot in which it was found. Präkolumbische Stadt Uxmal (1996) | This is a wall, which from above forms a giant stepped fret and encloses about 129,000 square feet (12,000 m2). [6] Unlike the highly rigid grid patterns of ancient cities in the central highlands of Mexico, the builders of El Tajin designed and aligned buildings as individual units. The voladores appear every half-hour at the pole and circle erected just outside the main gate. Este monumento destaca por su belleza y cuando se menciona El Tajín, generalmente se piensa que se hace referencia sólo a la famosa pirámide. "Son architecture, unique en Mésoamérique, est caractérisée par l’élaboration de bas reliefs gravés sur des colonnes et des frises. It has stairways on both the east and west sides that lead to the top of the second level. [41] Tajin Chico is so named because it was initially thought to be a separate but related site. However, there are no records by any Europeans about the place prior to the late 18th century. Built and inhabited from 800AD to 1200 AD, El Tajin was a thriving city of major ceremonial importance, a fact illustrated by the numerous Mesoamerican pyramids and other ceremonial structures still seen there today. One has survived mostly intact and is now in the site museum. At the center of the false stairway are true stairs leading upwards under an arch to the first level of the palace. The stones are arranged in controlled lines and delicate proportions. [15] To date, only about fifty percent of the city's buildings has been excavated, revealing a series of plazas, palaces, and administrative buildings within a two-square-mile area. Thirty percent of the revenue the event generates goes toward scholarships for Totonaca youth. The Tajin belongs to the Totonaca culture. El Tajin has survived as an outstanding example of the grandeur and importance of the pre-Hispanic cultures of Mexico. El Tajin - El Tajín is a pre-Columbian archeological site and one of the largest and most important cities of the Classic era of Mesoamerica. [8], Its significance is due to its size and unique forms of art and architecture. The use of niches is unique to El Tajin. On the south central panel is depicting a scene after the sacrificed ball player has received the pulque with the same temple, glyphs and depiction of the pulque god. The closest settlement of any real size is Papantla. However, the lower level of the building is not rooms but a solid base. [46] Building A is constructed over older buildings that were buried when this area was filled in, some aspects of the building, like the buttresses been damage due to settling where there are no buildings below. El TajínThe El Tajín archaeological site is located in the municipality of Papantla, in the north-central region of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental. [49], Building 3 or the Blue Temple has some features that set it apart from other pyramids at the site. Historisches Zentrum von Mexiko-Stadt und Xochimilco (1987) | His appearance here underlies the significance of this pyramid. … The top of the pyramid contains two platforms, both of which are decorated with stepped frets. The sacrificed player appears here, whole and with a pot under his arm. It took shape during the late Classic period and reached its peak development during the transition to the Post-Classic, between 800 and 1150 A.D. There have been a number of research projects as well as reconstruction projects and projects to make more of the site accessible to visitors. and during this time numerous [12] These two streams provided the population's potable water. [20] Most of the population lived in the hills surrounding the main city,[13] and the city obtained most of its foodstuffs from the Tecolutla, Nautla and Cazones areas. Both are small temple-like platforms. Our guide Jorge was very knowledgeable and friendly, so … Festungsstadt San Miguel de Allende und Wallfahrtskirche Jesús de Nazareno in Atotonilco (2008) | The sculpted panels on these walls remain largely intact and show in step-by-step fashion how the ball game was played here, complete with ceremonies, sacrifice and the response of the gods. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 17:29, 18 June 2006: 2,560 × 1,920 (2.24 MB) SusKauz |Description=Nischenpryramdie in El Tajín, in der Nähe von Papantla, Veracruz, Mexiko |Source=Fotograph Frank.C. Erst dann wurde der Baum mit großer Vorsicht gefällt, damit ihm so wenig Schmerzen wie möglich zugefügt werden. There are scrolls indicating speech from the sacrifice as well as a depiction of the skeletal god. Eine bedeutende Rolle spielte der Ort um das Jahr 800 im Reich der Totonaken. This temple was obviously of great symbolic importance to the people of El Tajin: it once contained exactly 365 niches, marking its connection to the solar year. The blood falls into the vat and to refill it with pulque. Receive free updates. As late as the mid 20th century, remains of beeswax candles could still be found left on the first level of this pyramid. [21] While the city had been completely covered by jungle from its demise until the 19th century, it is unlikely that knowledge of the place was completely lost to the native peoples. Jest to jedno z największych miast wybudowanych w trakcie ery klasycznej na terenie Ameryki Środkowej. When the city fell, most of the sculptures in this area were smashed or defaced with some being reused as building stone. Tanzend bewegen sich die vier Männer auf den Stamm zu. Originally the structure was painted a dark red with the niches in black intended to deepen the shadows of the recessed niches. This may therefore be linked to another Totonac meaning claimed for El Tajín: “place of the invisible beings or spirits”. The center figure has his arms held back by the one on the left. Wir haben es uns zum Lebensziel gemacht, Alternativen aller Variante zu analysieren, dass Sie zuhause schnell und unkompliziert den El tajin historia bestellen können, den Sie zuhause für gut befinden. Most of the remains of these columns are on display at the site museum. At the east and west side of the corridors are entrances to the rooms, two interconnected rooms on each side of the building. Panorama of El Tajin Archaeological Site - Veracruz - … At the top of the pyramid there were tablets framed by grotesque serpent-dragons. The other structure on this platform is called the Annex or the Building of the Tunnels, as it is connected to the Building of the Columns by a passageway. The court is made of stones of up to ten tons in weight many of which came from outside the valley. Beneath the larger niches is a line of seven panels. From the early centuries, objects from Teotihuacan are abundant. The lower level is adorned with large rectangular panels which appear to have been painted red. Behind these buildings is a large plaza with small low structures on its edges. Haus und Studio von Luís Barragán (2004) | [11] It is believed that only half of El Tajin archeological site has been uncovered. The city is set in the low rolling mountains that lead from the Sierra Madre Oriental to the Gulf coast near the Tecolutla River. Archäologische Stätte Xochicalco (1999) | [36], The pyramid has seven stories. The site and museum take around 2-3hrs to visit at a fairly leisurely pace. Archeological evidence shows that a village existed here at the time the Spanish arrived and the area has always been considered sacred by the Totonacs. At the top, there the temple was located, is a series of stepped merlons which look like medieval European battlements. There are several architectural features here which are unique to the place or seen in only rarely in Mesoamerica. Except for six benches on the staircase and at the top of the balustrades, probably later additions, there are no niches. El Tajin is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and jewel of Mexico's Gulf Coast. The cement could not be poured all at once but rather in successive layers. [11] Total site extends for 1,056 hectares (4.08 sq mi). [45], The Building of the Columns dominates the highest portion of Tajin Chico. The broad eastern stairway was also painted with cloud-like scroll motifs. Much of this section was created by using massive amounts of landfill. Average temperature for the year is 35 °C with hurricanes possible from June to October. Panorama of El Tajin Archaeological Site - Veracruz - Mexico - 05 (15835649398).jpg 4,912 × 1,080; 2.78 MB. Spectators could watch events from Building 5 to the north and Building 6 to the south as well as from stands built on one side of the court. A figure dressed as an eagle dances in front while a skeletal deity flies above and the death deity rises from liquid. It is probably one of the oldest structures at Tajín. There are more than a hundred niches in this wall, broken up by a number of entrances. Im frühen 19. Präkolumbische Stadt und Nationalpark von Palenque (1987) | [4][19] It reached its apogee in the Epi-Classic (900-1100 CE) before suffering destruction and the encroachment of the jungle. In front is a sacrifice victim with his entrails slung over a frame. Sie begrüßen den Stamm und umkreisen ihn mehrmals. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. [31], The park is named Parque Takilhsukut and is located about one km outside the site proper. [23][24], The first archeologists reached the site in the early 20th century and included Teobert Maler, Edward Seler, Francisco del Paso y Troncoso and Herbert and Ellen Spinden. [4], At the end of the Classic period, El Tajín survived the widespread social collapse, migrations and destructions that forced the abandonment of many population centers at the end of this period. [12], One notable aspect of the construction at El Tajin is the use of poured cement in forms. The pyramids here are primitive in comparison to the rest of the site, with niches that are not as finely formed. Due to the lack of beams or other materials to prop it up, this roof had to be very thick to support itself. The interior of the pyramid is rocks and earth. The seven stories of the pyramid are composed of gently sloping walling divided into panels of varying widths. Herzlich Willkommen hier. The entrance to the building from the plaza was through a divided stairway, leading to a single room 32 by 24 feet (9.8 by 7.3 m) in size. [2], El Tajín, named after the Totonac rain god,[3] was named a World Heritage site in 1992, due to its cultural importance and its architecture. El Tajin was founded following the abandonment of the city of Teotihuacan. Historisches Zentrum von Puebla (1987) | Die Pyramide hat 365 Nischen, was höchstwahrscheinlich ein Sonnenjahr symbolisieren soll. The stairs are made from a mixture of lime, sand and clay without a stone core. [11] West of the building on the south side is a large ball court with sloped sides and sculpted friezes depicting the god Quetzalcoatl. He claimed the natives had kept the place secret. Die Kleidung der Voladores ist auch heute noch eine rote Hose, ein weißes Hemd, ein rotes Band um die Hüften sowie ein Federkopfschmuck. The glyphs above the deity identify it with the planet Venus. In the center are two intertwined serpents which seem to form the shape of a tlaxmalactl or ball game marker. [30], The entrance to the site is located at the south end. Off the stairs and leading east from the pyramid are large round stone with holes in the middle, in which were probably placed banners. The four end panels have scenes relating to the ritual of the ball game that result in entreaties to the gods. Altstadt von Zacatecas (1993) | It had been thrown down from the top of the pyramid in ancient times and broken. Revillagigedo-Inselgruppe (2016), Kultur-/Naturerbe: [17] Next is the southwest panel in which a different ceremonial preparation is depicted. Culture; History; Science; Travel Tips; Worldschooling; Making a Difference; Work With Us. This complex was one of the last to be built and it also shows evidence if fire and other damage from the fall of the city. The north central panel represents the continuation of the ritual in the afterlife, and shows how the events of the game connect the society of El Tajin to the gods. By this time, he had uncovered most of the major buildings and established that Tajín was one of the most important cities of ancient Mexico. hatte sind heute unbekannt. Then the surface of the columns was sculpted with scenes celebrating a ruler named 13 Rabbit, who probably had this structure built. El Tajín is a pre-Columbian archeological site in southern Mexico and is one of the largest and most important cities of the Classic era of Mesoamerica. El Tajin, cité préhispanique. [1] The religion was based on the movements of the planets, the stars and the Sun and Moon,[14] with the Mesoamerican ballgame and pulque having extremely important parts. The friezes running along the upper edges of the court are composed of interlocking scroll figures, each containing a central element of a head and an eye. [34][35] The east and west pyramids of the arroyo group each held three temples at the top. It is unknown if the similarity between this building and the Pyramid of the Niches indicates a relationship between the two. [17] It is unclear who built the city. [5] Its best-known monument is the Pyramid of the Niches, but other important monuments include the Arroyo Group, the North and South Ballcourts and the palaces of Tajín Chico. One of the most interesting objects on display is an altar from Building 4. Our first pyramid in Mexico, cannot wait to see more. These buildings are situated on a platform-terrace with was formed on natural contours and filled in spaces. [11] In ancient times, this city was located in the northeast corner of what is called Mesoamerica,[12] and controlled an area from between the Cazones and Tecolutla Rivers to the modern state of Puebla. This is part of an initial activity before the game itself starts. 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